Microsoft Azure SQL Database

 Azure SQL Database is a relational database (RDBMS) service provided by Microsoft Azure that is widely used by developers when creating new applications in the cloud. It is managed completely by Microsoft and is a highly scalable platform-as-a-service (PaaS) designed especially for cloud applications. Here, we create a managed database server in the cloud and use the server to deploy our database. The server is a logical construct that acts as the central administration point for pooled databases or multiple logins, auditing rules, threat detection policy, and failover groups. 


Microsoft Azure SQL Database

Azure SQL Database is a cloud-based service by Microsoft for storing and managing relational data. It offers a managed environment, handling tasks like backups and security. Users can create databases, organize data into tables, and run queries. It provides scalability and accessibility from anywhere with an internet connection.


What is Microsoft Azure SQL Database?

The Microsoft Azure SQL Database is like a digital storage unit for your data, but it’s in the cloud. It’s managed by Microsoft, so you don’t have to worry about maintaining servers or backups. You can create databases, organize information into tables, and run queries to retrieve data. It’s a convenient and scalable way to store and manage your data online.

The databases are available as Single databases and elastic pools.


Single Database: This option helps the developers instantly get started with a single SQL Server database by creating and running it in the cloud and accessing this database through the server. It is a PaaS offering so everything is managed by Microsoft, so all we have to do is to configure the database, create the necessary tables required to carry out the operations, and fill in the required data. We can scale the database as per our requirements (if we need more storage, memory, and processing power). By default, Microsoft pre-allocates some resources and we are charged per hour based on the resources we are using. 

We can also choose to have a server-less configuration. Here, Microsoft creates its own server for the database, which may get shared among other Azure subscribers but maintains the privacy of the database of its users. The database automatically scales and resources are allocated and unallocated as per the necessary requirements.

Elastic Pool: It is similar to single databases that we have talked about above, except that by default multiple databases can share the same resources (memory, storage space, processing power) through multiple tenancies. Here the different resources are referred to as a pool. This model is very useful when we have databases with resource requirements varying with time as it helps allocate and deallocate the resources as per our needs thus reducing costs and helping us be quick and efficient. It enables us to use resources available in the created pool and then release them once processing is complete.

Azure SQL vs. SQL Server

FeatureAzure SQL DatabaseSQL Server
DeploymentCloud-based, managed by MicrosoftTypically on-premises or in private data centers
ManagementManaged service, Microsoft handles maintenanceRequires self-management, updates, and backups
ScalabilityEasily scalable, with options for auto-scalingScalability is limited by hardware and resources
AvailabilityHigh availability with built-in redundancyAvailability depends on local infrastructure
CostPay-as-you-go pricing modelRequires upfront investment and ongoing costs
MaintenanceMicrosoft handles updates, patches, and backupsRequires manual management and administration
SecurityBuilt-in security features, compliance optionsSecurity configuration managed by the user


Why Azure SQL Database? 

Azure SQL database gives us the best option for low-cost development with minimal administration required to get started with our cloud application design and development. It supports most of the core database-level capabilities of SQL servers. However, some of the features dependent on on-premises applications may not be available here.

The scalability feature ensures that we can increase the resources available to us at a given time to carry out our tasks without performing a costly manual upgrade instantly. 
It has an availability of 99.995% as it supports point-in-time restore, enabling us to recover a database to the state it was in at any point in the past. It also replicates the databases to different regions to provide us with more resilience and disaster recovery. It provides us with fully automated backups, updates, and recovery to ensure that we are always running the latest and most secure version of the service. 

It continuously monitors our database for suspicious activities and provides immediate security alerts on SQL injection attacks, potential vulnerabilities, and anomalous database access patterns. Threat Detection alerts provide details of the suspicious activity and recommend action on how to investigate and mitigate the threat.


Some of the Often Use Cases are as follows,: 

  1. New cloud projects where any necessary modifications to our apps should be accommodated in the application design.
  2. When we want the most recent SQL Server functionality to be utilized by our cloud apps.
  3. When we require high availability for our cloud apps.
  4. When our cloud apps need to instantly adjust how resources are allocated in response to demand and requirements.

SQL Azure Architecture

There are four layers in Azure SQL Architecture:

  • Client Layer
  • Service Layer
  • Platform Layer
  • Infrastructure Layer
Azure-SQL-Database

SQL Azure Architecture


Client Layer: Applications connect to and communicate with the database service through the client layer of the Azure SQL Database. It comes with utilities like PHP extensions, ADO.NET, ODBC, and SQL Server Management Studio. The Tabular Data Stream (TDS) protocol is a useful tool for transferring data between SQL databases and applications.


Service Layer: In Azure SQL Database, the service layer manages provisioning, billing, and connection routing in its capacity as a go-between for the client and platform layers. In order to ensure seamless communication and interaction, it is essential for validating requests, authenticating users, and creating secure connections between client applications and database servers. It also oversees the entire service delivery process, maximizing scalability and performance while guaranteeing compliance with security and regulatory requirements.


Platform Layer: Within the data center, Azure SQL Server computers, sometimes referred to as data nodes, are hosted by the platform layer of Azure SQL Database. To provide redundancy, each SQL Database is housed on a node and replicated across many physical servers. In order to preserve consistency and dependability for stored data, this layer makes sure that data is synchronized across several copies within the Azure Cloud.


Infrastructure Layer: The Azure SQL Database’s infrastructure layer manages the hardware and operating system below it, making sure they are properly administered. It is in charge of overseeing the provisioning, upkeep, and distribution of resources for the hardware that supports Azure SQL Database. The foundation of the Azure SQL architecture, this layer offers crucial support for the platform and service layers to operate at their best.


Azure SQL Database Features

Azure SQL Database simplifies database management with features like scalable resources, built-in high availability, robust security measures, intelligent query processing, seamless compatibility with SQL Server, and flexible pricing options tailored to your workload needs.


Azure SQL Database Tiers

  • Basic Tier: Suitable for light workloads with minimal performance demands.
  • Standard Tier: Ideal for moderate workloads, providing better performance and storage options.
  • Premium Tier: Designed for high-performance, IO-intensive production workloads with high availability and zero downtime.
  • Serverless Compute Tier: Optimizes price-performance for databases with intermittent, unpredictable usage by auto-scaling compute and billing per second.
  • Hyperscale Tier: Combines compute auto-scaling with storage auto-scaling up to 100 TB, providing scalability and performance optimization for large databases.
  • General Purpose Tier: Offers balanced and predictable performance for various workloads, suitable for most applications.
  • Business Critical Tier: Provides high-performance and high-availability features for mission-critical workloads, ensuring minimal downtime and data loss.


Azure SQL Database Services

  • Scalability: Easily adjust resources to match demand, ensuring optimal performance without downtime.
  • High Availability: Benefit from built-in redundancy and automated backups to minimize the risk of data loss.
  • Security: Utilize advanced security features like encryption, threat detection, and access control to safeguard your data.
  • Intelligence: Leverage intelligent query processing and automated tuning for improved performance and efficiency.
  • Compatibility: Seamlessly migrate existing SQL Server applications with minimal changes, ensuring smooth transition to the cloud.
  • Cost-Effectiveness: Choose from flexible pricing models to pay for only what you use, optimizing costs for varying workloads.
  • Advanced Analytics: Integrate with Azure services like Azure Machine Learning and Azure Data Lake Storage for advanced analytics and insights.
  • Developer Productivity: Enjoy features like built-in monitoring, diagnostics, and management tools to streamline database administration and development processes.

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